1 Kings 4:31

Authorized King James Version

For he was wiser than all men; than Ethan the Ezrahite, and Heman, and Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol: and his fame was in all nations round about.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֶּחְכַּם֮
For he was wiser
to be wise (in mind, word or act)
#2
מִכָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#3
הָֽאָדָם֒
than all men
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
#4
מֵֽאֵיתָ֣ן
than Ethan
ethan, the name of four israelites
#5
הָֽאֶזְרָחִ֗י
the Ezrahite
an ezrachite or descendant of zerach
#6
וְהֵימָ֧ן
and Heman
heman, the name of at least two israelites
#7
וְכַלְכֹּ֛ל
and Chalcol
calcol, an israelite
#8
וְדַרְדַּ֖ע
and Darda
darda, an israelite
#9
בְּנֵ֣י
the sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#10
מָח֑וֹל
of Mahol
machol, an israelite
#11
וַיְהִֽי
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#12
שְׁמ֥וֹ
and his fame
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
#13
בְכָֽל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#14
הַגּוֹיִ֖ם
was in all nations
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#15
סָבִֽיב׃
round about
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

Analysis

Within the broader context of 1 Kings, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of 1 Kings.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources